Instructional needs at different management levels

Instructional needs at different management levels. According to Lawrence S. Kleiman, the skills mentioned below are needed at different managerial levels.

First-Level Managers:   
    Basic supervision.
    Motivation.
    Career planning.
    Performance feedback.

Middle-Level Managers:    Designing and implementing effective group and intergroup work and information systems.
    Defining and monitoring group-level performance indicators.
    Diagnosing and resolving problems within and among work groups.
    Designing and implementing reward systems that support cooperative behavior.

Top-Level Managers:Broadening their understanding of how factors such as competition, world economies, politics, and social trends influence the effectiveness of the organization.
(Wikipedia.org)